Novel Fabrication of Paracetamol Derivative and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial Activity Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Abstract
This study explores the novel fabrication of a paracetamol derivative compound [P] and evaluates its antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Several established synthetic routes for paracetamol production are reviewed, including the direct p-aminophenol acetylation, phenol-based synthesis, para-nitrochlorobenzene reduction, and Beckmann rearrangement methods, with emphasis on their advantages, limitations, and environmental impacts. A derivative, 1-phenyl-azo-2-paracetamol, was synthesized via diazotization and coupling reactions using para-aminobenzoic acid and paracetamol. The compound was structurally characterized by chemical, physical, and spectroscopic methods (FTIR, UV-Vis, NMR). Antimicrobial assays were performed against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus (clinical isolates), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar well diffusion. Results showed that the paracetamol derivative exhibited stronger antibacterial activity compared to paracetamol and para-aminobenzoic acid, with enhanced inhibition zones particularly at higher concentrations. The findings suggest that structural modification of paracetamol can improve its pharmacological profile, providing dual benefits of analgesic/antipyretic activity and antimicrobial potential, especially valuable in combating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
How to Cite This Article
Aymn Yaseen Sharaf Zeebaree, Zakaria Khaled Ghanem, Shymaa Sharhan Ali, Amna Salim Ahmed, Samie Yaseen Sharaf (2026). Novel Fabrication of Paracetamol Derivative and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial Activity Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria . International Journal of Biological and Biomedical Research (IJBBMR), 2(4), 25-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54660/IJBBR.2026.2.4.25-33