The International Journal of Biological and Biomedical Research (IJBBR) publishes only original work. This policy explains how manuscripts are checked for plagiarism and what happens when it is found, before or after publication. It follows the guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

1. What Counts as Plagiarism

• copying text, data, figures, tables or images from another source without citation;
• close paraphrasing of another author's work without acknowledgement;
• presenting another person's ideas, methods or results as one's own;
• self-plagiarism and redundant publication: reusing substantial parts of one's own published work without citing it, or publishing the same data twice;
• translating another work into English and submitting it as new.

2. How Manuscripts Are Checked

Every manuscript is checked with Turnitin similarity-detection software at submission, before it is sent for peer review, and again on the final version before publication. The similarity report is read by an editor, not judged by the percentage alone. Properly quoted and cited text, standard method descriptions, and the reference list are taken into account.

3. Action Before Publication

These figures are guides. The editor may reject a manuscript with lower similarity if key results, figures or ideas are copied.

4. Plagiarism Found After Publication

Concerns raised after publication are investigated following the COPE flowcharts. The authors are contacted and given the chance to respond. Depending on the outcome, the journal publishes a correction or retracts the article. A retracted article stays online, clearly marked “Retracted” and linked to the retraction notice. The authors' institution may be informed. See the Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement.

5. Author Responsibilities

By submitting a manuscript, the authors confirm that the work is original and is not published or under consideration elsewhere. They also confirm that all sources, including their own earlier work, are cited and that permission has been obtained for any reproduced figures or tables. Text or images produced with artificial-intelligence tools are covered by the AI Use Policy.